For many cats, the sight of a carrier signals an impending stressful experience, such as a vet visit or travel. As a result, they may resist entering the carrier, making transportation difficult for both the cat and the owner. However, using positive reinforcement-based desensitization and counterconditioning, we can help cats develop a positive association with their carrier, reducing stress and resistance.
Understanding carrier aversion
Cats often develop negative associations with carriers due to past stressful experiences, lack of familiarity, or forced entry into the carrier (Bradshaw, 2013). Unlike dogs, cats are more sensitive to environmental changes, and sudden confinement can be distressing (Overall, 2013). Therefore, the key to desensitization is gradual exposure and positive reinforcement.
Step-by-Step desensitization protocol
1. Choosing the right carrier
Select a sturdy, well-ventilated carrier with easy top and side access. A hard-shell carrier with a removable top allows for easier introduction and handling (Ellis, 2009).
2. Making the carrier a familiar part of the environment
Instead of keeping the carrier stored away until necessary, place it in a quiet and accessible area where the cat regularly spends time. Allow the cat to explore it at their own pace, making it a neutral or positive object (Ramos et al., 2017).
3. Creating positive associations
- Line the carrier with a comfortable blanket that carries the cat’s scent.
- Place high-value treats, toys, or catnip inside the carrier.
- Feed the cat near the carrier, gradually moving the bowl inside over time.
- Use pheromone sprays (e.g., Feliway) to create a calming environment (Frank et al., 2010).
4. Encouraging voluntary entry
Once the cat is comfortable near the carrier, start rewarding voluntary exploration:
- Toss treats inside and allow the cat to retrieve them.
- Use a favorite toy to encourage entry without forcing.
- Clicker training can be helpful—mark and reward any interaction with the carrier (Pryor, 2009).
5. Gradual confinement and closure
Once the cat voluntarily enters the carrier, start briefly closing the door while offering treats. Gradually increase the duration, ensuring a calm and positive experience:
- Start with a few seconds, then open the door and reward, if the cat is calm. If the cat is vocalising wait until he stops to catch his breath, the quickly open the door and reward.
- Slowly increase the time inside while providing treats or a favorite toy.
- If the cat shows signs of distress, return to an easier step and progress more slowly (Overall, 2013).
6. Introducing movement and short trips
- Lift the carrier slightly and immediately reward the cat.
- Carry the carrier to another room before opening it.
- Once comfortable, take the cat on short car rides with lots of treats available, to associate movement with positive outcomes (Ramos et al., 2017).
Additional tips for success
- Never force the cat into the carrier.
- Use calm and gentle handling when closing the door or carrying the carrier.
- Covering the carrier with a light towel can help reduce visual stress during travel.
- Continue random positive reinforcement even when the carrier is not in use to maintain a positive association.
Desensitizing a cat to a carrier requires patience, consistency, and positive reinforcement. By making the carrier a comfortable and rewarding space, owners can greatly reduce stress and improve their cat’s willingness to enter it voluntarily. This results in easier transportation, less anxiety, and a better experience for both the cat and the owner.
References
- Bradshaw, J. (2013). Cat Sense: How the New Feline Science Can Make You a Better Friend to Your Pet. Basic Books.
- Ellis, S. (2009). Feline Stress and Health: Managing Negative Emotions in Cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11(9), 753-762.
- Frank, D., Beauchamp, G., & Palestrini, C. (2010). Systematic review of the use of pheromones for feline stress reduction. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 236(12), 1308-1316.
- Overall, K. (2013). Manual of Clinical Behavioral Medicine for Dogs and Cats. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Pryor, K. (2009). Reaching the Animal Mind: Clicker Training and What It Teaches Us About All Animals. Scribner.
- Ramos, D., Reche-Junior, A., Fragoso, P., & Mills, D. (2017). Familiarity with the carrier and previous experience affect cats’ stress levels during transportation. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 187, 78-83.
