Understanding why cats knead and bunt: The science behind feline behaviors

Cats are known for their unique and often puzzling behaviours, with kneading and bunting being two of the most fascinating. These actions, deeply rooted in instinct and communication, offer insights into a cat’s emotional state and their bond with their environment and owners.

What is Kneading?

Kneading, often referred to as “making biscuits,” is the rhythmic motion cats make by pushing their paws into a soft surface, alternating between left and right paws. This behaviour is commonly observed when a cat is relaxed, such as on a cozy blanket or their owner’s lap.

Why do cats knead?

  1. Instinctual behaviour from kittenhood
    Kneading originates from kittenhood, when kittens press their paws against their mother’s belly to stimulate milk flow. This comforting behaviour often persists into adulthood, associated with feelings of security and contentment (Bradshaw, 2013).
  2. Marking territory
    Cats have scent glands in their paw pads, and kneading can deposit these scents onto surfaces, marking their territory in a subtle, instinctive way. This behaviour reinforces their sense of ownership and safety in their environment.
  3. Comfort and relaxation
    Many cats knead when they are feeling relaxed, content, or preparing a resting spot. This action may be a throwback to their wild ancestors, who kneaded grass to create a comfortable nesting area.
  4. Expression of affection
    When a cat kneads their owner, it can be a sign of trust and affection. This behaviour demonstrates that the cat feels safe and comfortable in the presence of their human companion.

What is Bunting?

Bunting refers to the behaviour where cats press their head or cheeks against people, objects, or other animals. It’s a form of rubbing that often includes nuzzling or headbutting.

Why do cats bunt?

  1. Scent marking
    Cats have scent glands located on their cheeks, forehead, and chin. When they bunt, they release pheromones that mark their territory. This behaviour communicates ownership and familiarity, signaling to other animals that the area or person has been claimed (Landsberg et al., 2013).
  2. Social bonding
    Bunting is a sign of trust and affection. When cats bunt their owners, they are reinforcing their bond and expressing a sense of belonging. Among cats, this behavior is often observed in friendly social interactions, especially in multi-cat households.
  3. Seeking attention
    Bunting can also be a way for cats to get their owner’s attention. A cat might bunt their human companion to initiate petting, play, or feeding, effectively communicating their needs in a gentle and affectionate manner.
  4. Stress relief
    The act of bunting may provide emotional comfort to cats, especially in unfamiliar or stressful environments. By depositing their scent, they create a familiar, reassuring atmosphere.

How to respond to kneading and bunting

Kneading

  • Encourage positive experiences: If your cat kneads on you, consider placing a soft blanket on your lap to make it more comfortable for both of you, especially if their claws are extended.
  • Reinforce bonding: Petting or speaking gently to your cat while they knead can strengthen your bond.

Bunting

  • Acknowledge the gesture: Respond to bunting with gentle strokes or soft words to show your cat you understand their affection.
  • Reassure in stressful situations: If your cat is bunting due to anxiety, maintaining a calm environment and reinforcing positive experiences can help them feel more secure.

What do these behaviours tell us?

Kneading and bunting are both forms of communication that reflect a cat’s emotional state and their relationship with their surroundings and owners.

  • Trust and security: These behaviours often indicate that a cat feels safe and content in their environment.
  • Territorial instincts: Both actions involve scent marking, a natural way for cats to establish familiarity and control over their space.
  • Affection and bonding: When directed toward humans, kneading and bunting signify trust, love, and the desire to strengthen the human-cat bond.

Kneading and bunting are endearing and instinctive behaviours that showcase the complex ways cats communicate and express their emotions. By understanding the reasons behind these actions, owners can deepen their connection with their feline companions and provide environments that cater to their natural instincts. These behaviours remind us of the unique ways cats demonstrate affection, trust, and their rich emotional lives.


References

  1. Bradshaw, J. W. S. (2013). Cat Sense: How the New Feline Science Can Make You a Better Friend to Your Pet. Basic Books.
  2. Landsberg, G., Hunthausen, W., & Ackerman, L. (2013). Behavior Problems of the Dog and Cat. Saunders.
  3. Rochlitz, I. (2005). “A Review of the Welfare of Cats in Human Care.” Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery.

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